Struggle For Pakistan I H Qureshi Pdf

Struggle For Pakistan I H Qureshi Pdf

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From the first three sultans of the Delhi Sultanate, the term ‘Sultanate’ has been used to describe the state of Muslims in Pakistan. The Turks remained Turkish rulers of the Muslim lands, and, after that, it was the Afghans who held this position. From the 11th century onwards, the Turks and Afghans had practically disappeared from the political scene. The other Indian Muslims had given the position of power to the Arabs.

In the first part of the 12th century, a Turk ruler became emperor of the Greeks. All the Turk rulers were Sunni. They were able to retain the Turkish language, but could not speak Arabic. The Turkish rulers were the Ghaznavids. They were overthrown by the Samanids. They were followed by the Saffarids. The Saffarids were overthrown by the Ghorids. Then came the Ghurids, who were overthrown by the Ghaznavids. The Ghaznavids were overthrown by the Samanids. These were overthrown in turn by the Ghorids. These were followed by the Ghaznavids. Finally, the dynasty of the Ghaznavids came to an end when they were overthrown by the Delhi Sultanate. The succession of the Turks in Pakistan took place according to the same pattern.

The Ghaznavids were a mixture of Turks, Afghans and Indians. The first two of these, Ishak and Masud, ruled from Balkh. Their successors, Mahmud and Mahmud, were Turks. The descendants of the two Ghaznavids were the Ghaznavi Turks who, in turn, gave birth to the Ghorids. The Ghaznavids were overthrown by the Samanids in 803/1401, and the following rulers of the two dynasties were also Turkish. Qutb-ud-din Aibak (r. 819/1422-842/1437) founded the Delhi Sultanate. His grandson, Mahad-ud-din Khilji (r. 842/1438-77/1485), conquered the lands formerly ruled by the Ghaznavids. It is not clear how much of the Ghaznavid kingdom was occupied by the Delhi Sultanate. The Turks of the Delhi Sultanate continued to rule the Muslims of the Punjab, Bengal and the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan.

He said that the Nawab of Bahawalpur was the first ruler of Pakistan. He said that the independent State of Pakistan was a result of the partition. He said that before 1947, India was a British dominion. In 1947, it was partitioned and became a nation-state. He said that after 1947 the whole region fell into the hands of the people. He said that the President of Pakistan is a symbol of the sovereignty of the people. In 1947, he said that there were two wings of the country, namely East and West.

The greatest of all was his book on Pakistan. The renowned historian Dr Farukh Nosheen in one of his articles, once wrote that 'There are scholars who believe that he did not write the book at all'. The same author had sought his help to translate his book into English. Dr Sahib had no hesitation to say that he had given the idea to Dr Farukh Nosheen. He was a member of the Pakistan Academy of Letters, the Pakistan Academy of Sciences and the International Academy of Polonium. He died in Islamabad on Sept 25,1984. 827ec27edc